MNN - Mother Nature Network

With voices hardly louder than an insect's buzz, the tiniest frogs ever discovered are smaller than a coin and hop about the rainforest of the tropical island of Papua New Guinea, U.S. scientists said Wednesday.

 

Not only are these little peepers with the big names — Paedophryne amauensis and Paedophryne swiftorum — the smallest frogs known to man, they are also believed to be the smallest vertebrates on Earth, said the report in the science journal PLoS ONE.

 

Until now the smallest vertebrate was believed to be a transparent Indonesian fish known as Paedocypris progenetica that averaged about one-third of an inch.

 

The largest vertebrate is the blue whale, measuring about 25.8 meters.

 

The little land frog Paedophryne amauensis comes in at a whopping 7.7 millimeters, or less than one-third of an inch. The other newly discovered kind, Paedophryne swiftorum, measures a bit over eight millimeters.

 

"It was particularly difficult to locate Paedophryne amauensis due to its diminutive size and the males' high pitched insect-like mating call," said Louisiana State University scientist Chris Austin, who discovered them.

 

"But it's a great find."

 

The dark brown frogs with bluish-white specks have likely existed for a long time, underfoot and out of sight on the rainforest floor, eating smaller prey or being eaten by bigger predators.

 

"The ecosystems these extremely small frogs occupy are very similar, primarily inhabiting leaf litter on the floor of tropical rainforest environments," said Austin.

 

"We now believe that these creatures aren't just biological oddities, but instead represent a previously undocumented ecological guild — they occupy a habitat niche that no other vertebrate does."

 

In fact, judging by the frequency of male mating calls they heard, Austin said the tiny frogs might be spaced as close as 20 inches from each other on ground beneath the leaves.

 

Copyright 2012  AFP Global Edition