More trees than there were 100 years ago? It's true!
Protection and responsible harvesting are the reasons behind the success story.
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
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More trees than there were 100 years ago? It's true!Protection and responsible harvesting are the reasons behind the success story.By Starre VartanWed, Feb 09 2011 at 6:00 AM EST
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Photo: Wikimedia Commons The numbers are in.
In the United States, which contains 8 percent of the world's forests, there are more trees than there were 100 years ago. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), "Forest growth nationally has exceeded harvest since the 1940s. By 1997, forest growth exceeded harvest by 42 percent and the volume of forest growth was 380 percent greater than it had been in 1920." The greatest gains have been seen on the East Coast (with average volumes of wood per acre almost doubling since the '50s) which was the area most heavily logged by European settlers beginning in the 1600s, soon after their arrival.
This is great news for those who care about the environment because trees store CO2, produce oxygen — which is necessary for all life on Earth — remove toxins from the air, and create habitat for animals, insects and more basic forms of life. Well-managed forest plantations like those overseen by the Forest Stewardship Council also furnish us with wood, a renewable material that can be used for building, furniture, paper products and more, and all of which are biodegradable at the end of their lifecycle.
The increase in trees is due to a number of factors, including conservation and preservation of national parks, responsible tree growing within plantations — which have been planting more trees than they harvest — and the movement of the majority of the population from rural areas to more densely populated areas, such as cities and suburbs. Tree planting efforts begun in the 1950s are paying off and there is more public awareness about the importance of trees and forests. Finally, 63 percent of the forest land in the United States is privately owned, and many landowners are leaving their land intact instead of using it for agriculture or logging (at least partially because many of these activities have shifted overseas).
Quantity over quality?
The average age of forests in the United States is younger than it was before European settlement. The greatest diversity is found in the oldest forests, so there may be more forest now, but because it is so young, it is home for fewer animals, plants, insects and other organisms than a fully developed, mature forest ecosystem. It also means that protecting old growth forests is imperative.
As a society, we are likely in the middle of our cultural (and scientific understanding) of the value of forests. The history of conservation in this country is still young, after all. According to Chuck Leavell, director of Environmental Affairs at MNN and a tree farmer, "It was during the Theodore Roosevelt administration that conservation began to take hold, and along with Roosevelt, figures like Gifford Pinchot, John Muir and others began to warn Americans about overuse of our natural resources. Eventually, programs were put into place that encouraged landowners to plant trees ... in some cases encouraging farmers to convert some of their farm lands into forests."
We can't go back and reverse what we've done to the forests, but we can support current conservation efforts. While our forests are recovering, their protection will only encourage what Leavell calls, " ... a remarkable restoration of American forests."
Sustainable forestry initiatives
One of the main reasons forests are recovering is the role of government, which now agrees that responsible management practices are important for future forest ecosystem health. In 1992, the United Nations adopted the "Forest Principles" which kicked off the latest round of modern sustainable forest management initiatives in the U.S. and abroad.
The definition of sustainable forest management, as understood by the FAO is: The stewardship and use of forests and forest lands in a way, and at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfill, now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national, and global levels, and that does not cause damage to other ecosystems. These rules now govern how forests are managed.
Carbon dioxide, global warming and trees
Trees do more than protect water resources and produce oxygen, they are also good carbon sinks, which is more and more important in a warming world (carbon dioxide is one of the main global warming gases). As they grow, trees use and store CO2, making them popular bulwarks against climate change. In fact, quite a few carbon offsetting companies include tree planting as part of their portfolio.
Basically, the more trees, the more oxygen, and less carbon dioxide, (though there may be exceptions to this rule in Northern latitudes, according to climate models). "At present, the U.S. does not have any type of carbon tax or cap-and-trade system," says Leavell. "Europe does, with mixed reviews and mixed success. But there is not a doubt that the forests of the world sequester more carbon than anything else."
The future of American forests
Leavell points out that many of America's national parks were originally set aside as a "wood resource" though they are largely unlogged today, though there are still some controversial moves in old-growth areas. Only about 7 percent of U.S. forests are part of national or state parks, but many of those now encompass what we consider to be "environmentally sensitive" areas, or unique ecosystems. (Think California's redwoods or small patches of old growth forests on the East Coast.)
Moving forward, we will continue to have more trees, and more forests than in years past. It's important that we encourage foresters and governments in Third World countries, where deforestation is still occurring at an alarming rate, to do the same.
MNN homepage photo: rachel_thecat/Flickr
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Comments
Brian
04/05/2012 12:53 PM
Interesting but not factual. Oceans are the larges CO2 sync and the larges source of CO2. CO2 is hardly measurable as a "green house gas" and has no effect on global temperatures. Water vapor makes up over 96% of green house gas composition. CO2 levels have been proven to rise AFTER warming periods, and accordingly are not the cause of the warming. Trees also expire CO2 at night. Yea, they take in more than they give off, however.
Flashpoint79
03/05/2012 12:18 PM
I think people are missing the point of the article and being a little glass-half-empty. Of course there was a ton of damage done, and it will never be the same. The good news the article is pointing out is that steps are going in the right direction to help what was hurt. What's done is done. Let's try and move from there and actually help something.
rtylenda
09/10/2011 15:30 PM
How much of this is hardwood?
Unconvinced
09/06/2011 16:13 PM
Sure there are more now, we're planting them at a better rate than when we cut them down. but what about in relation to 200 years ago? Huge swaths of forest had already been cut down in 1900 without being replaced, so plenty of damage was done before these numbers were even recorded. I should also mention that there's a big difference between a 15-year-old farmed tree and a 700-year old redwood.
Andrew
05/27/2011 15:34 PM
Of course old growth forrests have been decimated through time. There were no tree farms to product our lumber. Now that we have the farms, most if not all US produced lumber comes from them. The tree farms will allow the return of the old growth forrest.
Christine
05/04/2011 22:23 PM
The habitat destruction has been done. Fragmentation by roads is still a major problem. So what if there are more trees? Are the trees in the same places and densities as a hundred years ago? Are they as healthy? We can't just take this as a victory until we look at the whole picture.
Anonymous
04/12/2011 10:05 AM
What about the effects of acid rain produced by fossil fueled electic generating plants? the article fails to mention anything about its impact.
Anonymous
02/22/2011 20:54 PM
In 1910, there were 91,972,266 Americans. In 2010, there were 308,745,538 Americans. As we are the most wasteful and environmentally detrimental country in the history of the world, I doubt having a few more trees is going to help.
Anonymous
02/22/2011 20:55 PM
In 1910, there were 91,972,266 Americans. In 2010, there were 308,745,538 Americans. As we are the most wasteful and environmentally detrimental country in the history of the world, I doubt having a few more trees is going to help.
Old growth
02/20/2011 19:17 PM
We may have more trees but we dont have the same type of forest
Joe
02/18/2011 17:59 PM
This is a clear case of misrepresentation. Many of the comments above point this out. You can make almost anything look good if you only use part of the data available.
Ben
02/18/2011 13:36 PM
But a few have touched upon it, yes we need to go back alot longer than 50-100 years and compare America's topography and tree species to the America as it is today.
SFI Program
02/11/2011 15:14 PM
Excellent article. Sourcing products from well-managed forests plays an important role in maintaining our forests lands. You mention the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), but it is important to note that there are several great options for certification, including the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI). SFI is the largest single forest certification standard in the world, and more than three-quarters of North America’s certified forests meet or are recognized by the SFI standard. The.... More
Lumberjack_Fred_22402
02/10/2011 18:42 PM
Attention fellow Lumberjacks: This article has proved what we have been fearing for longer than the length of said article. Our war with the trees, we are loosing it. Fight harder, faster! UNITE, LUMBERJACKS and LUMBERJILLS! KILL THE TREES!
Leila Goldmark
02/10/2011 16:35 PM
While it's great to see reforestation in in the US, there are other very important factors to consider. 100 year ago, much land was cleared for agricultural purposes. While such lands are semi-pervious, they are not as good as forests for water and carbon management, so it is good to see the return of forests. However, the rate of reforestation should be compared to the rate of urbanization and the significant increase in impervious surface area. In that sense, our land and our water.... More
Cara Mico
02/10/2011 13:39 PM
That is only because 100 years ago was a very bad time for America's forests. Poor practices denuded many hillslopes and the clear-cutting wasn't really abated for ~40 years or so. Even though there is a general recovery trend the great forest of the midwest will never be restored at this pace. We are really only replanting areas that are in active use (i.e forests where future harvest will take place or urban/rural areas). We would have to convert land in agricultural production back to.... More
Jenn
02/10/2011 08:29 AM
I personally have seen them bulldozing large swaths of trees in Colorado that have been killed by beetles. I have seen large beetle kills in the trees from Alaska to Arizona. Miles and miles of dead trees.
Megan
02/10/2011 08:45 AM
Yes, but that just makes room for more trees to grow! At least that is what is happening in VA. The beatles killed the pine trees which had been planted after logging of the hard woods many decades back. Now maybe the hard woods will have a chance to come back!
bits
02/09/2011 21:35 PM
living in Vermont - on an old remote hillside farm settled in the late 1700's app. a century ago it was 80% treeless - due to sheep farming, and the high demand for wood - everything from spindles for weaving to wagon wheels - wood was the main construction / fabrication material - as well as heating and forging of metals it is now app. 80% treed - forest -- and it is quite diverse - mixed hardwoods and softwoods - of all different ages - there are a lot of forest.... More
Bernie Schwartz
02/09/2011 19:38 PM
In 1867, the US bought Alaska from Russia for cash.
Bernie Schwartz
02/09/2011 19:38 PM
In 1867, the US bought Alaska from Russia for cash.
Lrdmora
02/09/2011 17:57 PM
Nicole, This study was not conducted by MNN, but was compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, who in turn used data from the USDA/Forest service. There is no reason to doubt the data, especially since the Forest Services primary function is to preserve lumber as a strategic resource for the nation to use if it needs it. (Not as an ecological friendly conservatorship as many people think) Interesting side note here, did you know that the Forest Service has.... More
Lrdmora
02/09/2011 18:12 PM
I should mention that the greatest rate of growth is in the public lands sector, the private lands growth is on average almost even with the harvest. Which would be an indication of tree farms. So logically that would mean that the Forest Service is responsible for the most significant permanent growth of forests. How and what types of trees they are planting wasn't mentioned in this particular report. Also included in the forest service data was percentages of forest in age classes,.... More
Mondy
02/09/2011 17:22 PM
!00 years ago a lot of clear cutting had already been done. The truth is we have less than 10% of old growth trees now and very little diversity. Tree farms have taken over and it has changed everything for the worst including the tremedous damage to our upper watersheds, water quality and quantity. Also these younger trees are much more subject to fire and disease.
Terry
02/11/2011 14:59 PM
I don't think anyone was trying to imply otherwise. It's unfortunate, yes, but that damage is done. The point is that we're on an upward trend, and have been for a long time. It will take time, obviously, but regrowth will continue.
David Millet
02/09/2011 16:05 PM
Mother Nature (the planet) will reclaim anything we ignore long enough. Wildlife still disperses seeds, rain still falls, trees still grow. Look to the foothills as you drive the Hwy 5 corridor through Nor-Cal, from Red Bluff to the border. There are lots of young trees growing where there used to be nothing but high desert scrub and pastureland. Hopefully I live long enough to witness the more of the transformation.
Biologist
02/09/2011 14:08 PM
Can't forget about the wonderful thing that is a monoculture. When these logging companies do replace the trees they cut down they tend to plant all of one type leading to a monoculture. That cuts down on the ecological diversity and can actually cause the forest ecosystem to slow down or collapse. If we really want to be "sustainable" we need to look more into how to recreate the forests of old, not just plant more trees.
Nicole
02/09/2011 13:33 PM
this is total crap.
anon
02/09/2011 13:01 PM
Trees don't store CO2, they store C. Trees take in CO2, use the C in their metabolic processes and release the O2.
Matt
02/09/2011 12:25 PM
The east coast is the biggest gainer in tree acreage. There is a simpler reason: a hundred years ago the east coast was all farmland. Now that we can bring a lot of food in from the midwest, where there are large swaths of naturally occurring fields, trees are now free to grow again.
ALASKA?
02/09/2011 11:57 AM
100 years ago Alaska was not part of the united states, it joined in 1959. So, yeah, there are more trees in the U.S. now then 100 years ago, due to Alaska joining the union. this article FTL Add your commentSign in with one of these accounts or just add your comment below. |
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