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Karl Burkart

Boy discovers microbe that eats plastic

PhDs have been searching for a solution to the plastic waste problem, and this 16-year-old finds the answer.
Fri, Jun 12 2009 at 2:26 AM EST
203 Comments

Photo: Samuel Mann/Flickr
It's not your average science fair when the 16-year-old winner manages to solve a global waste crisis. But such was the case at last May's Canadian Science Fair in Waterloo, Ontario, where Daniel Burd, a high school student at Waterloo Collegiate Institute, presented his research on microorganisms that can rapidly biodegrade plastic.
 
NOTE: There are TWO high school students who discovered plastic-consuming microorganisms. The first was Daniel Burd. The second was Tseng I-Ching (last month), a high school student in Taiwan.
 
Daniel had a thought it seems even the most esteemed PhDs hadn't considered. Plastic, one of the most indestructible of manufactured materials, does in fact eventually decompose. It takes 1,000 years but decompose it does, which means there must be microorganisms out there to do the decomposing.
 
Could those microorganisms be bred to do the job faster?
 
That was Daniel's question, and he put to the test with a very simple and clever process of immersing ground plastic in a yeast solution that encourages microbial growth, and then isolating the most productive organisms.
 
The preliminary results were encouraging, so he kept at it, selecting out the most effective strains and interbreeding them. After several weeks of tweaking and optimizing temperatures Burd was achieved a 43 percent degradation of plastic in six weeks, an almost inconceivable accomplishment.
 
With 500 billion plastic bags manufactured each year and a Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch that grows more expansive by the day, a low-cost and nontoxic method for degrading plastic is the stuff of environmentalists' dreams and, I would hazard a guess, a pretty good start-up company as well.
 
NOTE to the comment below: Yes there are certainly methods for decomposing plastic, but most are chemical in nature not organic, requiring high temperatures and chemical additives to cause the plasticizers to vaporize, for instance this patent on PVC extraction. There have been several successful bacteria-based solutions developed at the Department of Biotechnology in Tottori, Japan as well as the Department of Microbiology at the National University of Ireland, but both apply only to styrene compounds.
 
It goes without saying that these discoveries need to be tested to ensure, for instance, that the byproducts of organic decomposition are not carcinogenic (as in the case with mammalian metabolism of styrene and benzene). The processing of plastics by these methods would also have to be contained in highly controlled environments. So, no, we're not talking about a magic panacea or a plastic-free paradise, but the innovative application of microorganisms to break down our most troublesome waste products is nevertheless a major scientific breakthrough.
 
NOTE: One of our readers pointed out a very interesting study in 2004 at the University of Wisconsin that isolated a fungus capable of biodegrading phenol-formaldehyde polymers previously thought to be non-biodegradable. Phenol polymers are produced at an annual rate of 2.2 million metric tons per year in the United States for many industrial and commercial applications including durable plastics.
 
COMMENTS: This story has generated a flurry of feedback since it was posted on June 12. Here's a compilation of the best and brightest comments.
 
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The opinions expressed by MNN Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of MNN.com. While we have reviewed their content to make sure it complies with our Terms and Conditions, MNN is not responsible for the accuracy of any of their information.
 
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    Consequences

    Posted By Chris B - Wed, Sep 01 2010 at 4:24 PM EST

    It's a seemingly great answer to a major issue, but you have to realize with such selective forms of induced recombination and evolution of the yeast you are going to be presented with some other pretty interesting phenotypes that would allow these strains to be extremely hardy and probably very pervasive. If you released this into "the wild" what would prevent them from spreading and preventing damage outside the waste? It terms of the types of plastic they could decompose ... when they.... More

    Enter your comment headline

    Posted By Lisa Bush - Thu, Aug 19 2010 at 10:39 PM EST

    Environmental Plastics Solutions Conference

    We welcome you to attend presentations on the most recent innovations and solutions in the biodegradable plastics market. Topics will include: plastics sustainability, biodegredation testing, recent legislation, and more! The conference is September 20 & 21, 2010.

    Register here: .... More

    Re: Boy discovers microbe that eats plastic

    Posted By sex toys toronto - Thu, Aug 19 2010 at 1:59 PM EST

    I'm very impressed with this young gentleman's findings. It blows my mind that scientists overlook such simple solutions to problems. I'm almost 100% positive that a high school student will end up finding the cure for cancer.

    http://www.loveshoponline.ca

    Haven't I seen this movie?

    Posted By Snertly - Wed, Aug 04 2010 at 11:54 AM EST

    It was called The Andromeda Strain.

    Going Green With Plastics

    Posted By James C. - Sun, Jul 11 2010 at 12:34 PM EST

    I think before we will be able to utilize this type of microbe there will need to be some serious research into the issued this may cause. I am still staying green, and more recently doing so with my newly refurbished Macbook, and will continue to do so. But clearing the plastics from landfills will sure help (and save a thousand years).

    So if some got out

    Posted By Mike - Sun, Jun 20 2010 at 12:23 AM EST

    If they were released, they'd spread through an entire landfill. And possibly to others.

    I just wanna be cool.

    Posted By Rojas - Sat, Jun 19 2010 at 10:50 PM EST

    I just want to be cool like everyone else, so I'm posting a comment lol
    and btw, i believe he IS Joe the Plumber

    I just wanna be cool.

    Posted By Rojas - Sat, Jun 19 2010 at 10:50 PM EST

    I just want to be cool like everyone else, so I'm posting a comment lol
    and btw, i believe he IS Joe the Plumber

    RE: Inaccuracies in Story

    Posted By Jim Steitz - Thu, Jun 17 2010 at 10:27 PM EST

    In reply to Anonymous,

    I think the story pretty much got it. The 1,000-year figure is obviously not an observation, but an extrapolation from the existing processes of plastics decomposition, which are chemical rather than biological. it's simply projecting a line on a graph from, "If this ester bond is broken once per month at this temperature, how long until the entire chain is dissolved," or some such.

    It is precisely because bacteria with plastics-eating powers are rare that.... More

    Get rid of the plastics

    Posted By June Higgins - Mon, Mar 22 2010 at 5:32 PM EST

    We know that plastics endanger the environment. Let 's just get rid of them. Paper bags, paper containers, paper cartons, anything but petroleum based products. This kid is smart, and it may be something great for us. But what if like usual it is not safe to release these organisms, and some big business finds a way to make big profits and puts us all at risk. Let's just stop doing the things we know are wrong. His idea, might be good for the waste that we have already created. But don't.... More

    Face

    Posted By Dude - Mon, Jul 12 2010 at 9:52 AM EST

    no.

    daniel burd

    Posted By Anonymous - Sat, Mar 13 2010 at 12:29 PM EST

    http://danielburdhot.blogspot.com/

    i googled and found an updated photo of him!!!! he's sooooooo hot!!

    someday we'll want this stuff...

    Posted By ulk - Mon, Mar 01 2010 at 1:54 PM EST

    Plastics are made from petroleum. Petroleum, aka all that expensive oil stuff that's going to run out in (insert secret number) years. When that happens? All that plastic floating on the ocean and clogging up garbage pits will suddenly be valuable. Just wait long enough and we'll HAVE to reuse it.

    Yes, but when?

    Posted By Anonymous - Wed, Aug 25 2010 at 4:25 PM EST

    Not in our lifetime sir, regardless of your age.

    ?

    Posted By petrah - Wed, Mar 17 2010 at 10:53 PM EST

    right, but is it possible to revert the plastic back to oil? how would we separate the oil from the chemicals and dyes used to make the plastic?

    Microbe eats plastic

    Posted By Gary - Mon, Feb 15 2010 at 9:51 PM EST

    Read the book "Mutant 59 The Plastic Eaters" to see what can happen if that bug gets loose. Not a good thing for the whole world.
    Good read too.

    Fail.

    Posted By Anonymous - Sun, Mar 21 2010 at 2:48 PM EST

    Did you not read the article? It requires an extremely controlled environment to work. AKA it has to have the right moisture content etc. etc. etc. Plus he didn't 'invent' these, they existed already in nature, he just found the right ones and cultured them properly. So if they get 'released' absolutely NOTHING will happen.

    Are you sure?

    Posted By Michael - Fri, Apr 30 2010 at 7:23 AM EST

    I understand what you are saying, but a selectively bred organism is engineered to be better than what you originally started with. its like saying a superhuman is still just a normal human. I think this would need more research before being put into practice, especially if it eats other things other than plastic as i imagine it would.

    Come on now

    Posted By Anonymous - Thu, Dec 31 2009 at 3:15 PM EST

    Do any of you really know what you're talking about? Yea some of your basic ideas/comments are interesting/valid, but don't take a small piece of information and trying to expand on it with scientific certainty. This kid's idea is a great stepping stone to a very real and big problem; and it's one that needs to be addressed before the ecological damage caused by these plastic oceans becomes irreversible. If you're all really that concerned, take the extra time to recycle what you can; it's.... More

    WHY CAN"T WE RECYCLE

    Posted By Anonymous - Fri, Dec 18 2009 at 8:35 PM EST

    it seems itd be easier to recycle, because that microbe that digests the plastic prolly releases methane, a greenhouse gas.

    REALLY?

    Posted By santa - Mon, Mar 01 2010 at 8:04 AM EST

    Did you really write that?? Wow. How did you even find a "science" site...........?

    Why we can't recycle

    Posted By Anonymous - Sun, Jan 03 2010 at 7:34 PM EST

    Just because we recycle doesn't mean that it's doing us any good. Sure, some things can be used again, but most of what we recycle is actually being "downcycled." This means that more chemicals are added to the plastic to make it once again usable, and it almost never has the same quality as the original and is therefore used for a much different purpose. For more information on the subject, I suggest reading the book titled Cradle to Cradle by William McDonough & Michael Braungart.

    good book

    Posted By Michael - Tue, May 04 2010 at 11:32 PM EST

    I read that book last year when i was writing a report on the great garbage patch and possible solutions. I agree it is a very good book. As for the point of recycling however, it may be a good viable solution if we were stopped dead in time, but currently, most models suggest that due to our reliance on plastic for packaging and at the rate we use it combined with the exponential growth of society, developing countries and their capabilities in terms of research, resources and da da dadada........ More

    Doomwatch

    Posted By Tim Poston - Thu, Nov 19 2009 at 10:16 PM EST

    "Daniel had a thought it seems even the most esteemed PhDs hadn't considered."???
    Not even if they had watched the BBC show "Doomwatch" in 1970? The first episode explored exactly the idea of microorganisms created to degrade plastic (which then ran amok). Burd and Tseng had neat contributions, but the thought had been around for three times their lifetimes.

    Many Materials

    Posted By jdelgiudice - Wed, Nov 18 2009 at 11:04 AM EST

    Some microbe, or chemical, or type of energy (e.g. thermal,or electrical) may affect one type of material but have no effect upon another. That's why we use so many different materials- we try to select the one with the best properties and appropriate cost for the requirements of the intended application - and proper disposal at the end of service life is one of those requirements.
    We all need better planning in the use of materials to ensure that our trash piles don"t continue to grow..... More

    stealing...

    Posted By fritzwilly - Sat, Sep 19 2009 at 7:31 AM EST

    hah I'm gonna use this as a basis of my research. All other good topics require some lazer photo-optimizer something. were gonna just use it to prove if retailers are bloody liars. God bless this Burd person.

    Bi

    Posted By Anonymous - Thu, Sep 10 2009 at 3:24 PM EST

    It's "by-product" not "bi-product".

    Buy

    Posted By Daniel - Mon, Jan 18 2010 at 6:38 AM EST

    I thought it was buy-product.

    No wait, that's the reason we're in this mess in the first place.

    Well, good for the kid...

    Posted By Natural - Sat, Aug 15 2009 at 4:56 PM EST

    Just goes to show that the fancy sheepskin and alphabet soup after your name mean nothing. Science is just another religion. It has the most holy, (Chaos), priests, (the PH.Ds) and the poor sots who believe (have faith in) every word they spout without even thinking it through.

    I agree..good on him.

    Posted By santa - Mon, Mar 01 2010 at 8:10 AM EST

    ...but science is prob'ly more like a "sect".. or a "cell".. Tolerated; sometimes even listened to (historically speaking now).. But rarely has it called the shots like religion can and does.

    Blasphemy!... get it?

    Posted By Dan - Fri, Oct 16 2009 at 1:40 PM EST

    That is absolutely ridiculous. The poor sots can reaffirm, and often do, the "doctrine" through empirical inquiry and logic. And of course there is a hierarchy in science because, on the whole, those who have spent more time gaining the knowledge can put it to better use. Of course there will be outliers, but it wouldn't hold water to throw out the organization of education. Honestly, the fact that this article is even in print proves you wrong. Sure the boy hadn't even yet graduated high.... More

    "THERE ARE MANY PLASTICS, JUST AS THERE ARE MANY METALS"!

    Posted By Anonymous - Sat, Aug 15 2009 at 4:23 PM EST

    Some microbe, or chemical, or type of energy (e.g. thermal,or electrical) may affect one type of material but have no effect upon another. That's why we use so many different materials- we try to select the one with the best properties and appropriate cost for the requirements of the intended application - and proper disposal at he end of service life is one of those requirements.
    We all need better planning in the use of materials to ensure that our trash piles don"t continue to.... More

    Bacteria run amuck

    Posted By Anonymous - Sat, Aug 15 2009 at 12:16 PM EST

    This sounds great, it really does. However, I'd like to just see plastics like the ones that have been polluting the oceans, the ones that have been piling up in garbage dumps for decades, and the ones most likely in your garbage can at home just stop being produced altogether. Besides, if we rely on these microbes to clean up for us, we will need unfathomable numbers of them -- they will breed unfathomably and likely out of our control. Not saying that's a bad thing. I'm just saying we've already .... More

    Hah

    Posted By nastytoe - Thu, Aug 13 2009 at 3:26 AM EST

    Man kids are getting crazier each day. This guy definitely hit on something though...if only we can harness it for application use.

    Better solution: Biodegradable plastics

    Posted By Microbiologist - Wed, Aug 12 2009 at 1:51 PM EST

    Just a note. A better solution would be the use of biodegradable plastics. These are produced and used commercially (they come from bacteria, originally, although there are other ways now to produce them commercially). So why aren't they used more? Price. They're a few cents more per pound than petroleum-based plastics. This is another reason why it is actually a good thing, long-term, for oil prices to go up.

    'better solution' not the solution

    Posted By kiley - Mon, Sep 28 2009 at 12:04 PM EST

    Creating biodegradable plastics is not a way of getting rid of existing plastic. Creating more 'stuff' won't get rid of the continent of trash floating in the north pacific.

    OMG RUN RUN

    Posted By Jithu Tim - Tue, Jul 28 2009 at 5:23 AM EST

    I never thought it would come to this ... now whoz gonna save my play station... damn that kid...

    SUPERBOY

    Posted By Anonymous - Sat, Jul 25 2009 at 9:55 PM EST

    i have read all the comments on the first page, and if that boy did this now, in the future he is going to very rich, well known, and an ecologist as good as david de rothschild!!! even if they will die in the dumps, they will at least reproduce before they do. but if we all just recycle and be as creative as the creaters of plastiki with our recyclables, we wouldnt have this problem!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    Holy Crap!

    Posted By Nananana - Sat, Jul 18 2009 at 6:48 AM EST

    that kid is brilliant! i wish i could do something that helpful someday

    Bad Science

    Posted By Anonymous - Sun, Jul 19 2009 at 9:34 AM EST

    It is bad science, with the byproduct of carbon dioxide. As a alternative to polymers being buried on the ground we can enjoy them in our atmosphere

    good science

    Posted By the realist - Tue, Jul 28 2009 at 4:40 PM EST

    plant life converts carbon dioxide in to O2. Trees don't eat plastic. Problem solved, and quit your whining! If you really are that worried about CO2 stop breathing, because with every breath you pollute the earth.

    link to Phenolic resin plastic degradation paper

    Posted By Tom Volk - Sun, Jul 05 2009 at 1:48 PM EST

    Hi. You can find our 2006 (not 2004) paper on a fungus degrading phenolic resin polymer plastics at http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/feb2007.html
    ---tom

    hi

    Posted By heh - Sat, Jul 04 2009 at 4:14 PM EST

    lol humans are the problem? seems like you have been taking in too much news and coming to the conclusion that the average person is the problem and not the entirely corrupt and uncaring system in which we all operate

    Humans are the problem

    Posted By Anonymous - Sat, Jul 04 2009 at 3:16 PM EST

    How about wiping humans off the face of the planet, problem solved. Humans are the cancer of this planet as said by Agent Smith in the Matrix.

    Use of plastic

    Posted By Preetha - Fri, Jun 26 2009 at 1:13 AM EST

    Nice article

    not new

    Posted By Anonymous - Wed, Jun 24 2009 at 6:13 PM EST

    If you guys do a little research you would already know that there are various plastic degrading bacteria. This discovery is now new, if a discovery at all

    khai

    Posted By Anonymous - Wed, Jun 24 2009 at 2:23 PM EST

    Why the **** isn't it being widely used? It seems like tons of new environmentally friendly and amazing scientific breakthroughs are being discovered that will reduce waste, garbage, ECT.. like never before imagined, and you N E V E R hear of them being used, you never hear of how much waste is reduced, and you never hear how much better the environment (SHOULD) be getting. If all of these things are being discovered then why the **** don't we put them to use. It's almost as if they discover.... More

    LMAO

    Posted By Anonymous - Tue, Jun 23 2009 at 6:47 PM EST

    Wow, this was news LAST YEAR when it happened http://news.therecord.com/article/354044#=rss ... Took you that long to find out about when the rest of the world knew about it in May of 2008?

    This boy should have talked to me first.

    Posted By Anonymous - Wed, Jun 24 2009 at 9:28 AM EST

    I could have told this boy that there was a much faster way to disolve the plastic and too many uncontrolled microbes wouldn't be a problem.

    It's called Jack Russell Terriers. I have one of these and she can chew and "dissolve" any plastic within 15 minutes. Even the hardest plastic that you will find in things like cell phones and tv remote controlls. LOL

    Been There Done That

    Posted By Anonymous - Tue, Jun 23 2009 at 1:39 PM EST

    Damn I should have patented that bugger when it began eating my toys at age 6 and I had to switch to all metal Hot Wheels

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