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MNN.COM › Health › Fitness & Well-Being
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    What's this?
New marijuana laws will be a public health experiment, experts say
New laws in Colorado and Washington will allow researchers to gather information on the real harms and benefits of legalizing the drug in the U.S.

By

MyHealthNewsDaily Staff
Thu, Nov 08 2012 at 11:52 AM
 3
marijuana plant

Some studies have linked use of marijuana early in life with an increased risk for mental illness, and one recent study found a link between marijuana use in adolescents and lower IQ later in life. (Photo: Dreamstime)

The public health impact of legalizing marijuana for recreational use is concerning to some, but there is little evidence to back up these worries, experts say.
 
In fact, the passage of new laws in Colorado and Washington essentially amounts to a public health experiment, which researchers can use to gather information on the real harms and benefits of legalizing the drug in the United States, experts said. The laws, passed by voters on Tuesday, allow adults over age 21 to possess or buy up to 1 ounce of marijuana for recreational use.
 
"It's an empirical question, and we'll finally have data to assess it," said Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, co-director of the Drug Policy Research Center at the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit research organization. Right now, there are many unknowns because research on the topic is limited, even in countries where the drug is legal.
 
Legalizing marijuana clearly has the potential to harm people, Pacula said. The drug temporarily impairs memory, coordination and perception, which affects driving ability and therefore endangers public safety. [See: Effects of Marijuana]
 
Indeed, studies have found that people who drive within a few hours of using marijuana are more than twice as likely to be involved in a car crash compared with other drivers, said Guohua Li, an epidemiologist at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, who has researched the effects of marijuana on driving.
 
Some studies have linked use of marijuana early in life with an increased risk for mental illness, and one recent study found a link between marijuana use in adolescents and lower IQ later in life.
 
But existing studies on the health effects of marijuana have generally been done using a selected population — those who are inclined to use an illegal drug — and not the population as a whole, Pacula said.
 
The real effect on public health will depend on how often people use the drug, whether it is used in conjunction with alcohol (which increases impairment), the drug's potency, and the amount of youth use, Pacula said.
 
It is reasonable to assume the new laws will lead to an increase in marijuana use by teens, though it's not clear how big this increase will be, Pacula said. Legalization of pot will lead to a drop in the drug's price, and with any drug, lower prices bring increased use, she said. If the drop in price is small, so is the rise in use.
 
Another unknown variable is the potency of the drug that becomes available to recreational users. Potency can vary widely, and higher potencies may increase the risk of mental health problems, Pacula said.
 
"When we have knowledge of those things, we'll be able to say wither public health is likely to go up or down," Pacula said.
 
Pass it on: The public health harms of legal marijuana are uncertain.
 
Follow Rachael Rettner on Twitter @RachaelRettner, or MyHealthNewsDaily @MyHealth_MHND. We're also on Facebook & Google+.
 
Related on MyHealthNewsDaily and MNN:
  • Marijuana: Facts about Cannabis
  • Medical Marijuana: Benefits vs. Risks
  • Hypersex to Hoarding: 7 New Psychological Disorders
  • MNN: Colorado, Washington vote to legalize marijuana
 
This story was originally written for MyHealthNewsDaily and is republished with permission here. Copyright 2012 MyHealthNewsDaily, a TechMediaNetwork company.

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anonymous
Ed WIldman Nov 28 2012 at 4:11 PM
As a spokesperson for Rand Corp, Pacula is hardly an objective source. They are well known for producing studies for the government that support continuing cannabis prohibition. But even they said in a study several years ago that legalization would cut into the profits of the Drug Cartels. Lets look at some of her statements: "Legalizing marijuana clearly has the potential to harm people." Although the US government has allowed very few studies on the health affects of MJ, there are virtually no
.... More
reputable studies that show it has the potential to cause serious, long term health risks. For example, studies have shown it doesn't cause lung cancer like tobacco and a U of Alabama study showed that pot smokers have better lung capacity than even people who don't smoke pot or cigarettes. Hundreds of peer reviewed studies have shown it benefits people with serious health issues like emphysema and asthma. And what about the health effects of incarcerating several hundred thousand people a year for smoking pot? The US has more people in prison than even Red China with 6 times the population of the US, many of them for non-violent drug offenses, the cost of which is also very unhealthy for our economy. "It is reasonable to assume the new laws will lead to an increase in marijuana use by teens," No, its not reasonable. Teen use in countries like Portugal and the Netherlands where cannabis use is decriminalized is much lower than in the US. And how does moving sales out of the alleys and into state-controlled stores where you have to be 21 to purchase MJ - just like alcohol - increase teen use? "The drug temporarily impairs memory, coordination and perception, which affects driving ability and therefore endangers public safety." Yes, so does alcohol, but no one is proposing that be illegal. We already tried that and it was a failure, though not as big a failure as our current War on Drugs which has cost in excess of $1 trillion in the past 4 decades. But no one disputes that marijuana, unlike alcohol, cannot kill you which says a lot about how benign it is in comparison to many totally legal drugs that are used by millions of people every day. "Some studies have linked use of marijuana early in life with an increased risk for mental illness, and one recent study found a link between marijuana use in adolescents and lower IQ later in life." Again, taking sales out of the hands of dealers should reduce availability to teenagers. "Indeed, studies have found that people who drive within a few hours of using marijuana are more than twice as likely to be involved in a car crash compared with other drivers, " Ditto re alcohol or prescription drugs. Deciding to drive while impaired is about the person, not the drug. With 30-50 million Americans using cannabis annually, its not like the current laws are keeping from doing it right now. But the number of cannabis users involved in accidents is much lower than the number of drivers impaired by other drugs. "Another unknown variable is the potency of the drug that becomes available to recreational users." Testing to determine potency will presumably be a part of state regulated sales. Try asking your local dealer for that. As with alcohol, sometimes you want beer, sometimes bourbon. Shouldn't adults be allowed to make that choice. "even in countries where the drug is legal...." Fact Check: CO and WA are the only places on the planet where it is legal. Even in the Netherlands, cannabis has only been decriminalized, and penalties for sale are actually harsher than in many places in the US. ""When we have knowledge of those things, we'll be able to say wither public health is likely to go up or down," Until the DEA relents on their 40 year refusal to take marijuana off Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act so some really good studies can be done on its health impacts, we will have to continue to look outside of the US for them. It is surprising that Ms. Pacula, as a spokesperson for Rand, and someone who presumably has a college degree, has such a poor grasp on facts and logic. The only refreshing thing about her article is that it shows how weak the prohibitionists' arguments have become in the fading twilight of the War on (some) Drugs.
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hemplife
hemplife Nov 08 2012 at 3:36 PM

It is a step in the right direction. As a plant, to outlaw it was already a bad idea.. Legalize it, tax it, massively reduce the prison population and put drug cartels out of business.. Here is an interesting fact.. Inmates incarcerated on marijuana-related charges cost U.S. prisons $1 billion annually, according to a 2007 study. Thats an insane burden on the tax payer.. I find this blog provids more good facts: http://www.420fortunes.com/pages/medical-marijuana-facts
peace.

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JaxBass Nov 08 2012 at 4:32 PM

Agreed, it'll reduce prison population and eliminate the pot dealers. Plus think about how much the government can tax it... talk about helping to pay back that massive deficit. I think these will become the first of many state (and ultimately federal) laws to pass in the coming decades... plus it'll be funny when kids are reading about both Prohibition and Legalization in their history eBooks

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