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    What's this?
Archaeologists unearth 5,000-year-old 'third-gender' caveman
Caveman was buried like a woman, leading scientists to question his sexual orientation.

By

Bryan Nelson
Fri, Apr 08 2011 at 5:47 AM

Related Topics:

Science, Sexuality
Stone Age remains

Photo: ZUMA Press

Archaeologists investigating a 5,000-year-old Copper Age grave in the Czech Republic believe they may have unearthed the first known remains of a gay or transvestite caveman, reports the Telegraph.
 
The man was apparently buried as if he were a woman, an aberrant practice for an ancient culture known for its strict burial procedures.
 
Since the grave dates to between 2900 and 2500 BC, the man would have been a member of the Corded Ware culture, a late Stone Age and Copper Age people named after the unique kind of pottery they produced. Men in this culture were traditionally buried lying on their right side with their heads pointing west, but this man was instead buried on his left side with his head pointing east, which is how women were typically buried.
 
"From history and ethnology, we know that people from this period took funeral rites very seriously so it is highly unlikely that this positioning was a mistake," said lead archaeologist Kamila Remisova Vesinova. "Far more likely is that he was a man with a different sexual orientation, homosexual or transsexual."
 
Another clue is that Corded Ware men would typically be buried alongside weapons, hammers and flint knives, as well as food and drink to prepare them for their journey to the other side. But this man's grave instead contained only a traditional egg-shaped pot, which was what women were typically buried with.
 
With all the evidence taken together, archaeologists are confident that the best explanation for the strange burial is that the man was effeminate, perhaps a homosexual, and possibly a transvestite.
 
"We believe this is one of the earliest cases of what could be described as a 'transsexual' or 'third gender grave' in the Czech Republic," reiterated cooperating archaeologist Katerina Semradova.
 
Semradova also noted that archaeologists from a previous dig had uncovered a grave from the Mesolithic period where a female warrior was buried as a man, so mixed gender burials, though rare, were not unprecedented.

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anonymous
Hangry Jun 10 2011 at 3:38 PM

there is a long history of third genders in all cultures. most respected third genders as more enlightened than cisgendered people. it is only OUR culture that doesn't acknowledge third genders or respect them. research the native american berdache, or the india hijra.
More examples here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_gender#History

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anonymous
Bergman May 27 2011 at 10:36 AM
Did they identify cause of death? If not, can it be possible that this person passed in such a way that made it difficult to identify the sex and so they assumed for whatever reason that they were female? Let's say a fire maybe caused them to burn beyond sexual recognition. If that were the case, they had not the forensic science to decipher their sex. Also, one must take into consideration another factor; how many burials have been found from this group? How uncommon of an occurrence is this? If
.... More
it's highly uncommon then the mis-identification of sex can be a possibility.
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anonymous
Lillian May 29 2011 at 5:39 AM
To be honest, identifying a woman from a man just from their bone structure is quite easy; a woman's hips are wider, to permit childbirth, while a man's hips are more narrow. Plus, you've also got your homogametic and heterogametic chromosomes, determining genders, which are stored in a person's DNA... Even if that person was 'burnt beyond sexual recognition' the teeth [which are near impossible to burn] still hold DNA in the cavities. It makes it very unlikely that they misidentified the sex of
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the skeleton. As for the reason why it was buried... Most likely, the person was either disgraced in some way, or had done something to shame himself so that his peers would have conceived the notion to do that. Maybe if there was more evidence, per say, jewelery of some sort, or a weapon found, we could say with more certainty what happened.
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anonymous
Bergman Jun 02 2011 at 4:01 PM

You misunderstood what I was proposing. I was suggesting the possibility of those who dug him having not had the opportunity to place the correct gender on this person.

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anonymous
Watchman May 27 2011 at 10:07 AM

Instead of trying to rationalize homosexuality, why can't we admit we are imperfect human beings and they simply messed up when they buried this poor fella? Besides, since when are homosexuals considered a "third gender". Gay people still belong to the gender to which they were born.

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anonymous
Concerned Jun 02 2011 at 7:07 AM
Please understand that "gender" and "sex" are two very different concepts. Sex denotes biological and inherent anatomy which distinguishes between the binary: man and woman (this is not set in stone, however, as in special cases a person may contain partial reproductive organs of both sexes). Gender, on the other hand, is recognized in most disciplines (such as anthropology, women's studies, etc.) as a human construct - as rhetoric (see Judith Butler). So, "Gay people still belong to the gender
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to which they were born" is, as recognized by most people, incorrect. As to your other point, understand that some individuals classify themselves as neither gender but have an ideological conception of self that is hybrid. If you had read the article in more detail, you would have also realized that they countered your overall argument when they noted that this culture took burial rites very seriously, and thus, chalking this discovery up to mere chance seems foolish indeed. Is it possible that they made a mistake? Sure, I suppose anything is possible. Consider though, if a person you loved happened to die, would you "accidentally" bury that person in clothes not fitting their gender? Would anyone at that person's funeral NOT demand that a change was made? It seems highly unlikely to me that any culture who values burial rites (at any degree) would leave anything to human error or carelessness.
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anonymous
Jara May 16 2011 at 4:41 AM
Burial rites from that period were complex and clearly honoured the dead, as eveidenced by the graves. Bodies were painted, many precious items were buried with them, the positioning was done with care. Some here have claimed that being buried as a woman could be interpreted as shaming. Even if being a woman was at that time considered inferior to being a man - which is quite an assumption, by the way - why go through the trouble of burying the person at all? Leaving them without possessions for
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the afterlife would be shameful, would it not, when all the others got their proper rites. Only honoured members of the tribe would have gotten household things with them. All the leatherware and most likely any woodware as well would have rotted away by now, but this person still has a pot which was not as inexpensive accessory as our storebought dishes are to us.
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anonymous
Jared May 31 2011 at 4:58 AM

First off, it isn't that much of an assumption to believe that women were considered inferior. Talk to any gender studies major and they can give you a multitude of examples where women have been taken as inferior in history. Also, why bury them in this manner? To shame. The Greeks used to bury people without coins on their eyes to make sure that they never made it to the afterlife because they couldn't pay the boatman. Why not do it this way as well?

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anonymous
Alicia Jun 11 2011 at 2:02 AM
Many copper, stone, and iron age societies didn't consider women inferior. They considered they different and differently suited for some tasks than others, but an exceptional woman could, and many did, take part in "masculine" activities, such as fighting and leadership. In iron age Ireland, for example, women couldn't own land, but they could own cattle and cattle was how wealth was counted (as it was in so many cultures of the period). There's also the fact that it's unlikely this culture would
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have buried to shame. Only the rich and/or important members of society warranted burial as opposed to cremation because it was more work and meant sacrificing precious tools as grave goods. No, if their intent was to shame, they most likely would have left him to the beasts.
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anonymous
VelvetKytten May 15 2011 at 9:09 PM

what about the fact that there is a chance that he was one of unlucky ones who are born looking like one gender but having the insides of the opposite gender. Like he could of been seen as a female who's testes never dropped and could of remained inside. We have these types today.... why not back then ?

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anonymous
Concerned Jun 02 2011 at 7:13 AM
The concept "sex" is a very different one from "gender." We can loosely think of "sex" as being constructed biologically, and "gender" as being constructed rhetorically. This issue, it seems to me, is not about sex, it is about gender and the fact that this person's burial was conducted with the opposite or "third" gender. To specifically address your argument: The scientists who examined these remains could assuredly check to see if this person was born with reproductive organs from both sexes (
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by comparing bone structure, etc).
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anonymous
Guest Jun 08 2011 at 7:41 AM

There are a number of acceptable explanations for this. He could have been a slave or had a disability. The thing I'm tired of is scientific theories being presented as facts, we are taking too many unproven ideas for granted and putting too much faith in unproven theories. There are just too many people pushing theories instead of facts.

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anonymous
Carissa May 12 2011 at 11:16 PM
Certain Native American groups were known to have a group of people, or gender, called "berdaches." When families didn't have a daughter, they would train a son to take the place of the female to carry out those chores in the gender division of labor. It's possible this person was something along those lines and were buried in this manner, reflecting this. There is no way of knowing exactly what sexual orientation this person had, considering that that's something that would have developed in the
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mind, and not reflected in any definitive material culture. To be 100% sure of this is impossible.
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anonymous
cici May 25 2011 at 8:42 PM
Since it all happened a long time ago, it's really impossible to know for sure. Some people have suggested that it was done as a way of shaming the man, or that the man was a slave, but as others replied, I don't think they would've given him a proper burial, with the pot and everything if the purpose was shaming. Those proposed explanations seem kind of ridiculous. But I feel like what you just proposed is definitely a possible alternative. It makes sense and sounds pretty reasonable. Basically
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just commenting to say that I hadn't thought of that alternative, and I thought it was interesting :)
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anonymous
JAY May 12 2011 at 10:49 AM

It could be a way of shaming him in the next life. For he may have been a bad person.

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anonymous
Dude in Canada May 09 2011 at 6:22 PM

Please don't let the Westboro Baptists hear abut this - Next thing you know they will be fire-bombing archeologists homes.

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anonymous
Archy Guy May 07 2011 at 4:40 PM

They were actually farming by this time, living in man-made dwellings, and establishing the beginnings of trade routes. Caves, not so much.

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anonymous
James Deets May 05 2011 at 11:46 PM

This man did not have to be a homosexual, or a transvestite, he may have just had a different role in society that may have been usually reserved for women. He may have also had a limiting factor that reduced his ability to hunt or fight. We don't know right now, people are just putting a background to face without evidence.

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anonymous
Courtney May 03 2011 at 8:08 PM
I am an environmental scientist, but I had to study geology, geography and archeology to get to where I am now. The first rule we were taught was to never impose the present on the people of the past. You can't view another culture through the lens of your own. It is easy from our own perspective to assume that this man might have been homosexual, but the article fails to examine any other proposals, which would lead me to to assume there were none. Homosexuality has been known to exist since
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ancient times (Greece, for example), but the idea that a man could actually live as a woman is relatively unique to our culture. Ancient people had to struggle for survival in ways that we can only imagine, so men went out to hunt and fight while women stayed at home not because they were less capable but because they were the only way the tribe could continue, and were therefore prone to being kidnapped and raped by other tribes. If it had not been for the need to protect them, women might have hunted and gone to war as well, since the tribe really needed all hands on deck. It does not make sense under these conditions that a man would have been allowed to stay behind in the protection of the village when his services were needed in the field. He was not vulnerable, therefore he would be required to hunt and fight. It really was that simple. It also doesn't make sense to assume that homosexuals in other cultures were likely to be effeminate just because that is the way it is in our culture. A large percentage of Spartans were homosexual, but none of them were effeminate. They were the strongest, most aggressive people in ancient Greece. I think it is much more likely that either (1) this person was assumed female from childhood due to some sort of chromosomal abnormality that made him appear, externally, to be female or (2) the previous assumptions about this culture's burial practice, or their strict adherence to them, are flawed.
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anonymous
hangry Jun 10 2011 at 3:43 PM

you literally have no idea what you are talking about. third genders are a well documented phenomenon in many ancient cultures.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_gender#History

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anonymous
Guest May 25 2011 at 9:39 AM

I do believe that such persons were referred to as a "Berdache"

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anonymous
Anh May 02 2011 at 11:35 AM

that the skeleton was male? I just wonder. Could be some structural difference.

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anonymous
Jackie May 25 2011 at 9:27 AM

it was male because the skeleton of a male is different than the skeleton of a female. For example, they can tell by how wide the shoulders are in comparison to the hips. Broad shoulders with narrower hips would be identified as a male; narrower shoulders with broad hips would be identified as a female.

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anonymous
kayke May 02 2011 at 10:55 PM

it has to do with the pelvis and the shape/depth- female's tend to be smaller, shallower, and wider, and the tailbone more flexible, to allow for childbirth. Also men tend to be taller, heavier, and their skulls larger. But it's mostly the pelvis.

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anonymous
Steve Apr 29 2011 at 3:40 PM

We can rule out transexual, unless this stone age culture really could do sex change operations that made penises. wtf

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