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Organic Farming & Gardening

How to get your vegetable garden off to a good start

Follow these eight tips and you'll have plenty of success this year.

By Morieka JohnsonWed, Feb 16 2011 at 9:34 AM EST
 14

Q: I had a garden last year and nothing grew. What steps do I make to ensure that something grows this time around?
 
A: I've had my share of gardening disasters, including a less-than-friendly exchange with neighborhood squirrels. To ensure that we both have a more fruitful garden this season, I got a little advice from Deborah Harrison, general manager of Atlanta's Habersham Gardens. As a New England girl who fell in love with a Southerner with a green thumb, Harrison’s passion for gardening developed over time. Follow her expert tips, and perhaps you will have a new passion — and a full pantry — by this time next year.
 
Ease up on the water
While water guidelines vary by vegetable, Harrison suggests that you wait until the soil dries out a bit before watering plants. “Less is more,” she warns. “If you overwater tomatoes, not only are you flirting with fungus and other types of root rot; you are also affecting the flavor of your tomatoes.” Lettuce, a cool-weather crop, currently is thriving in Harrison’s home garden. Atlanta’s recent blanket of snow kept this moisture-loving crop happy. Once the snow melted, she added a sprinkle of water only when necessary.
 
Prep your soil
More than perennials, Harrison says, vegetables need permeable soil so that roots can push through, spread and thrive. “People think ‘Mother Nature provides soil; all I need to do is put the plant in and wait for the harvest,’” Harrison says. “It doesn’t work like that.”
 
What does work is grabbing a rototiller and digging about 12 inches into the soil before mixing in a soil amendment. This allows moisture to drain away from plants. To determine the amount necessary for your backyard, consult a gardening center or your local cooperative extension office, a network of colleges and universities that offers gardening information for the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. For more information, check out a previous column about how to determine what will grow in your yard.
 
“The extension service is one of the finest services we have for gardening,” she notes. “They are staffed by people who understand local soil and know what vegetables, flowers, shrubs and trees will grow in your area.”
 
Offer plenty of breathing room
Plant your seedlings far apart so they have room to grow. “You usually end up with 50 or 100 plants when you only have space for 12,” Harrison says, adding that nothing will thrive if there is too much competition. “Don’t try to accommodate 50 seedlings. Take every other one out.”
 
The same rule applies to larger plants. Some tomatoes want 3 feet of space, she says. “Even though they look tiny, they need space, nutrients and soil to thrive and do well,” she says.
 
Monitor moisture levels
Harrison considers mulch a must-have year round. “It keeps the cold out in the winter, and keeps moisture in during the summer,” she says. Just avoid adding too much mulch around the plant stems, Harrison warns. “Fungus is a primary problem with veggies, due to too much moisture around the crown of the plant,” she says.
 
Don’t let insects bug you
“There are two schools of thought when it comes to insects: Either you nuke them or you don’t,” Harrison says. “Our philosophy is a non-nuke one, so we use organic means; sometimes that means picking off Japanese beetles by hand.” To control tomato-loving hornworms, she cuts them with garden scissors. “It’s not the most fun, but it gets the job done,” Harrison says. “Get in there within the first few days of seeing them.”
 
She also suggests doing your homework before waging war with insects. “See if that caterpillar is the one that will eat tomatoes, or is it really a butterfly,” Harrison says. “There are good caterpillars, too.” Ladybugs also do a great job in the garden.
 
Habersham Gardens purchases and sells ladybugs that have been collected naturally. “They eat the bad guys, like aphids,” Harrison says. “Follow the rules regarding how to release them and they will munch away on all the garden pests. My granddaughter thinks ladybugs are the best thing going.”
 
If you really want to take out the bad bugs, Harrison says that installing a bat enclosure will do the trick. My colleague Matt Hickman also shared a garden-friendly nugget of information that explains why bats are Mother Nature’s best exterminators: A single little brown bat can eat up to 1,000 mosquitoes in an hour. They also enjoy gnats, beetles and wasps. That will make it much more tolerable to actually tend to your garden this summer. 
 
Note that greener insecticides require patience
To prevent the growth of insects, try spraying plants with diluted dishwashing liquid, which smothers tiny larvae. Just be prepared to repeat this approach on a regular basis. Harrison says the solution washes away every time you water the plant. Keep a bottle near your garden.
 
Invest in support crops
Many pests find the scent of marigolds displeasing, Harrison says. So be sure to add a few to your garden as a natural preventative. It’s also a good idea to mix other plants, simply for the visual appeal.
 
“[There's] Nothing more beautiful than an okra plant growing with other tall plants,” she says. “I tend to mix ornamentals with food products. Just make sure you plant ornamentals that don’t need more water than your vegetables.” Daisies and marigolds tend to hold up well in a garden, Harrison says, especially compared to “water sissies” like hydrangeas.
 
Turn the garden into a family project
Harrison loves to grow sweet potatoes and beans in water with her grandchildren before planting them outside. Peppers also make fun and colorful projects for the kids, even if they don’t love eating them. “It’s definitely more likely that they will try with an open mind plants that they’ve grown themselves,” she says. “Sweet potatoes from the garden are smaller than ones at the grocery store — more concentrated. My dog loves the peels more than anything.”
 
Harrison also is partial to winter squash, baby okra and vine-ripened tomatoes from the backyard. As for preparing these yummy veggies, she suggests a dash of salt and pepper, and a little balsamic vinegar, or a quick sauté in olive oil.
 
“Nothing tastes better than plants right out of the ground — from the ground to the plant to sauté pan.”
 
Yum. I can see Mother Nature smiling now.
 
— Morieka Johnson
 
Also on MNN: 
  • 10 funky bird feeders and birdhouses
  • How to build a compost bin from reclaimed wood
 
 
Visit our advice archives to see what other mysteries our experts have already tackled.
 
Photo: kimll/Flickr

 
See also:
• Organic pesticides
You might also like:
Related Topics: Gardening , Healthy Eating, Organic Gardening

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anonymous
StevieB Today 01:06 AM

Mulch in winter helps to keep the ground at an even temperature and to minimize 'heaving' of the ground due to temperature variations. Winter mulch should be removed in the Spring and either re-composted, or used over around the shrubs. No mulch should ever touch the stem of a shrub, plant, tree, vegetable. It causes a humid/damp/wet micro-climate against the stem/trunk that allows bacteria to grow and kill the plant.

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anonymous
Don 02/26/2011 16:03 PM

Another, though less expensive device, is to install an elephant walk, complete with sauna and a diving pool from a 50 ft. pole.

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anonymous
Josh TH 02/26/2011 13:32 PM

Lot of good advice here, however, tilling can and probably should be avoided.

Tilling may help your garden's productivity in the short term...by causing a quick release of nutrients as the soil is oxygenated and organic matter is consumed. The plants will not use it all, and a net loss of fertility will result. To achieve a similar (but probably lower) amount of growth the next year will require tilling...causing more loss...and the cycle goes on. This is why the article mentions adding.... More

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anonymous
Eric Today 06:07 AM

Tilling will also compact the soil below the tilled area. Many plants send roots more than 1 foot down, and tilling will make that difficult for them.

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anonymous
Sadaajit 02/26/2011 06:53 AM

If your pH is not in the proper range you will have plants with stunted growth. Check to see if you local Extension Office offers soil testing. It is sometimes free. This will tell you your pH and other main nutritional needs and tell you how to remedy the problem. Also, check your water. If your water is acidic it will affect the soil acidity (only a problem if on well water as city water is pH balanced) and you plant growth. Surprised the person answering didn't even mention pH.

I second.... More

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anonymous
KateB 02/25/2011 16:54 PM

My husband and I have two houserabbits and we compost their litter all year round - it's the BEST darn fertilizer, and we've been growing tomatoes for 20+ years. You can get free rabbit-doo from your local rabbit-rescue. Seriously, the best tasting veggies you will ever set tooth into. The litter we use is recycled paper, so the whole box goes into the compost pile, and voila! Gold.

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anonymous
The_Mick 02/25/2011 12:55 PM

If you're worried about too much moisture, there are inexpensive testers that do pH, moisture, light, and fertility. The cheap ones are a little finicky (they need some moisture to work) but they do a decent job and, moving them around in your garden you may find areas that tend to hold too more water than others and may benefit from some spading. I got mine for $11 (Rapitest, Amazon).

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anonymous
Major Leaguer 02/25/2011 12:27 PM

Do tell. I didn't know that bats ate insects. From past experience with bats, I would recommend Louisville Slugger or Adirondack. But you don't need a bat enclosure. A bat rack works nicely. If you have a Little Leaguer in the house put a lock on your bat rack or some of your bats could go missing.

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anonymous
Major Leaguer 02/25/2011 12:24 PM

Do tell. I didn't know that bats ate insects. From past experience with bats, I would recommend that you try Louisville Slugger or Adirondack. But you don't have to build an enclosure... just a rack. If you have a Little-Leaguer in the house, put a lock on the bat rack or some of your bats could go missing.

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anonymous
Crop Duster 02/25/2011 12:18 PM

Q: I had a garden last year and nothing grew. What steps do I make to ensure that something grows this time around?
A: Actually you DIDN'T have a garden last year if nothing grew.

But that's ancient history. Plant some seeds this year and you'll probably enjoy at least a little success.

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anonymous
Kent Mondich 02/25/2011 12:14 PM

How do you keep critters out of the garden? Do moth balls work around the perimeter?

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anonymous
Master Gardener 02/25/2011 12:19 PM

Yes, but it's very hard getting the moths to give them up without a fight.

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anonymous
Mary 02/23/2011 23:14 PM

Where I live we have too much clay. It holds in moisture and nutrients but doesn't drain or let roots expand. It gets gummy and compacted. Bear in mind where you live and the soil type when you choose amendments to create a balanced soil that holds moisture and allows drainage. Compost works for that and adds nutrients.

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anonymous
Ronda 02/16/2011 12:47 PM

It is good to know that bats eat so many insects. Thinking about installing a bat enclosure.

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